Ligands for chemically induced dimerization (CID)

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B/B Washout Ligand releases B/B Homodimerizer-induced interactions

B/B Washout Ligand releases B/B Homodimerizer-induced interactions. HeLa cells were transfected with a bidirectional vector (Panel A) which expressed two fluorescent proteins (tdTomato and AcGFP1) each fused to a DmrB dimerization domain. The tdTomato protein was additionally tagged with the FLAG epitope (DYKDDDDK) to enable efficient immunoprecipitation. After overnight treatment with 0.1 μM B/B Homodimerizer, transfected cells were lysed and immunoprecipitated using anti-DYKDDDDK beads (Cat. No. 635686) which recognize the FLAG epitope (Panel B). The beads were washed three times with buffer containing both 0.1 μM B/B Homodimerizer and increasing concentrations of B/B Washout Ligand. After washing, the beads were boiled in SDS-sample buffer, centrifuged, and separated on a polyacrylamide gel. The samples were then analyzed via Western blot using an anti-AcGFP1 specific antibody, and an anti-FLAG antibody to detect the tdTomato fusion (Panel C). B/B Washout Ligand efficiently competed for binding to the DmrB tagged proteins, releasing DmrB-AcGFP1 from the beads.

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B/B Washout Ligand can be used to disrupt protein interactions that were induced by the B/B Homodimerizer

B/B Washout Ligand can be used to disrupt protein interactions that were induced by the B/B Homodimerizer.

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635088: B/B Washout Ligand

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Signal transduction example 2

Signal transduction example 2. Inducible mouse model for prostate cancer. iDimerize Inducible Homodimer technology was used to characterize the role of different FGF receptor subtypes (FGFR1 and FGFR2) in prostate cancer. Transgenic mice (which express conditionally active alleles of FGFR1 or FGFR2 in prostate tissue) were treated with B/B Homodimerizer and monitored for prostate cancer. FGFR1, but not FGFR2, was found to play a role in prostate cancer development [Freeman, K. W., et al. (2003) Cancer Res. 63(23):8256–8563].

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Signal transduction example 1: Inducing a Programmed Cell Death Pathway (Inducible Apoptosis)

Signal transduction example 1: Inducing a Programmed Cell Death Pathway (Inducible Apoptosis). The Fas receptor (FasR) is a transmembrane protein located on the surface of cells that activates programmed cell death (apoptosis) when induced to trimerize by fas ligand (FasL) molecules located on the surface of adjacent cells (e.g., cytotoxic T cells). FasR-FasL binding plays an important role in the regulation of the immune system and cancer progression. This trimerization (and the resulting apoptotic signaling cascade) can be mimicked using the iDimerize Inducible Homodimer System: cells expressing a FasR-DmrB fusion protein can induce cell death on demand, simply by adding the B/B Homodimerizer. An in vivo model [the MaFIA mouse; Burnett, S. H. et al. (2004) J. Leukoc. Biol. 75(4):612–623] utilizes the Fas receptor to systematically and reversibly eliminate macrophages from transgenic mice.

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Molecular weights of iDimerize ligands

Molecular weights of iDimerize ligands.

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635069: B/B Homodimerizer

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Molecular structure of the B/B Homodimerizer

Molecular structure of the B/B Homodimerizer.

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Molecular weights of iDimerize ligands

Molecular weights of iDimerize ligands.

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Exploiting fas-mediated apoptosis to induce programmed cell death

Exploiting fas-mediated apoptosis to induce programmed cell death. Fas-mediated apoptosis is triggered by trimerization of the fas receptor (FasR) via its interaction with the fas ligand (FasL) on an adjacent cell (left). This FasR trimerization event activates the caspase 8 pathway. In the MaFIA mouse model, the fas death domain is fused to two repeats of a dimerization domain and expressed from a myeloid-specific promoter. Apoptosis of macrophage cells in this mouse is induced by treatment with B/B Homodimerizer (AP20187) (right).

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635059: B/B Homodimerizer

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Signal transduction example 2

Signal transduction example 2. Inducible mouse model for prostate cancer. iDimerize Inducible Homodimer technology was used to characterize the role of different FGF receptor subtypes (FGFR1 and FGFR2) in prostate cancer. Transgenic mice (which express conditionally active alleles of FGFR1 or FGFR2 in prostate tissue) were treated with B/B Homodimerizer and monitored for prostate cancer. FGFR1, but not FGFR2, was found to play a role in prostate cancer development [Freeman, K. W., et al. (2003) Cancer Res. 63(23):8256–8563].

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Molecular structure of the B/B Homodimerizer

Molecular structure of the B/B Homodimerizer.

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Signal transduction example 1: Inducing a Programmed Cell Death Pathway (Inducible Apoptosis)

Signal transduction example 1: Inducing a Programmed Cell Death Pathway (Inducible Apoptosis). The Fas receptor (FasR) is a transmembrane protein located on the surface of cells that activates programmed cell death (apoptosis) when induced to trimerize by fas ligand (FasL) molecules located on the surface of adjacent cells (e.g., cytotoxic T cells). FasR-FasL binding plays an important role in the regulation of the immune system and cancer progression. This trimerization (and the resulting apoptotic signaling cascade) can be mimicked using the iDimerize Inducible Homodimer System: cells expressing a FasR-DmrB fusion protein can induce cell death on demand, simply by adding the B/B Homodimerizer. An in vivo model [the MaFIA mouse; Burnett, S. H. et al. (2004) J. Leukoc. Biol. 75(4):612–623] utilizes the Fas receptor to systematically and reversibly eliminate macrophages from transgenic mice.

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Molecular weights of iDimerize ligands

Molecular weights of iDimerize ligands.

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Exploiting fas-mediated apoptosis to induce programmed cell death

Exploiting fas-mediated apoptosis to induce programmed cell death. Fas-mediated apoptosis is triggered by trimerization of the fas receptor (FasR) via its interaction with the fas ligand (FasL) on an adjacent cell (left). This FasR trimerization event activates the caspase 8 pathway. In the MaFIA mouse model, the fas death domain is fused to two repeats of a dimerization domain and expressed from a myeloid-specific promoter. Apoptosis of macrophage cells in this mouse is induced by treatment with B/B Homodimerizer (AP20187) (right).

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635058: B/B Homodimerizer

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Molecular weights of iDimerize ligands

Molecular weights of iDimerize ligands.

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Molecular structure of A/C Heterodimerizer (AP21967)

Molecular structure of A/C Heterodimerizer (AP21967).

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Molecular weights of iDimerize ligands

Molecular weights of iDimerize ligands.

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635055: A/C Heterodimerizer

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Inducible secretion of proteins

Inducible secretion of proteins. Fusion proteins containing DmrD domains localize to the endoplasmic reticulum as massive aggregates (left). When the D/D Solubilizer is added, it dissolves the aggregates and allows the protein to be exported through the secretory apparatus (right). To ensure secretion of the authentic protein, a furin cleavage site is positioned between the DmrD domains and the protein of interest. Since furin is exclusively expressed in the trans Golgi, the fusion protein will be processed as it traverses this compartment, resulting in the secretion of the correctly processed protein. This method has been used to induce rapid, transient and tightly regulated secretion of human growth hormone (hGH) and insulin [Rivera, V. M., et al. (2000) Science 287(5454):826–830].

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Molecular structure of the D/D Solubilizer

Molecular structure of the D/D Solubilizer. The D/D Solubilizer performs the same function as the AP21998 ligand. It is a different molecule than AP21998.

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Secretion of DmrD-tagged luciferase after addition of D/D Solubilizer

Secretion of DmrD-tagged luciferase after addition of D/D Solubilizer. 7 hr after transfection with a DmrD-tagged Metridia luciferase construct, cells were split into wells of a 6-well plate. The medium was removed and fresh medium was added containing increasing concentrations of D/D Solubilizer. 18 hr later, the media was collected and analyzed using our Ready-To-Glow™ Secreted Luciferase Reporter System (Cat. No. 631731).

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Molecular weights of iDimerize ligands

Molecular weights of iDimerize ligands.

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635054: D/D Solubilizer

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Inducible secretion of proteins

Inducible secretion of proteins. Fusion proteins containing DmrD domains localize to the endoplasmic reticulum as massive aggregates (left). When the D/D Solubilizer is added, it dissolves the aggregates and allows the protein to be exported through the secretory apparatus (right). To ensure secretion of the authentic protein, a furin cleavage site is positioned between the DmrD domains and the protein of interest. Since furin is exclusively expressed in the trans Golgi, the fusion protein will be processed as it traverses this compartment, resulting in the secretion of the correctly processed protein. This method has been used to induce rapid, transient and tightly regulated secretion of human growth hormone (hGH) and insulin [Rivera, V. M., et al. (2000) Science 287(5454):826–830].

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Molecular structure of the D/D Solubilizer

Molecular structure of the D/D Solubilizer. The D/D Solubilizer performs the same function as the AP21998 ligand. It is a different molecule than AP21998.

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Molecular weights of iDimerize ligands

Molecular weights of iDimerize ligands.

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Secretion of DmrD-tagged luciferase after addition of D/D Solubilizer

Secretion of DmrD-tagged luciferase after addition of D/D Solubilizer. 7 hr after transfection with a DmrD-tagged Metridia luciferase construct, cells were split into wells of a 6-well plate. The medium was removed and fresh medium was added containing increasing concentrations of D/D Solubilizer. 18 hr later, the media was collected and analyzed using our Ready-To-Glow™ Secreted Luciferase Reporter System (Cat. No. 631731).

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635053: D/D Solubilizer

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Signal transduction example 2

Signal transduction example 2. Inducible mouse model for prostate cancer. iDimerize Inducible Homodimer technology was used to characterize the role of different FGF receptor subtypes (FGFR1 and FGFR2) in prostate cancer. Transgenic mice (which express conditionally active alleles of FGFR1 or FGFR2 in prostate tissue) were treated with B/B Homodimerizer and monitored for prostate cancer. FGFR1, but not FGFR2, was found to play a role in prostate cancer development [Freeman, K. W., et al. (2003) Cancer Res. 63(23):8256–8563].

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Signal transduction example 1: Inducing a Programmed Cell Death Pathway (Inducible Apoptosis)

Signal transduction example 1: Inducing a Programmed Cell Death Pathway (Inducible Apoptosis). The Fas receptor (FasR) is a transmembrane protein located on the surface of cells that activates programmed cell death (apoptosis) when induced to trimerize by fas ligand (FasL) molecules located on the surface of adjacent cells (e.g., cytotoxic T cells). FasR-FasL binding plays an important role in the regulation of the immune system and cancer progression. This trimerization (and the resulting apoptotic signaling cascade) can be mimicked using the iDimerize Inducible Homodimer System: cells expressing a FasR-DmrB fusion protein can induce cell death on demand, simply by adding the B/B Homodimerizer. An in vivo model [the MaFIA mouse; Burnett, S. H. et al. (2004) J. Leukoc. Biol. 75(4):612–623] utilizes the Fas receptor to systematically and reversibly eliminate macrophages from transgenic mice.

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Exploiting fas-mediated apoptosis to induce programmed cell death

Exploiting fas-mediated apoptosis to induce programmed cell death. Fas-mediated apoptosis is triggered by trimerization of the fas receptor (FasR) via its interaction with the fas ligand (FasL) on an adjacent cell (left). This FasR trimerization event activates the caspase 8 pathway. In the MaFIA mouse model, the fas death domain is fused to two repeats of a dimerization domain and expressed from a myeloid-specific promoter. Apoptosis of macrophage cells in this mouse is induced by treatment with B/B Homodimerizer (AP20187) (right).

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632622: B/B Homodimerizer

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635095: A/C Heterodimerizer